Defense News: As Climate Shifts, U.S. Navy Focuses on Bolstering Arctic Ocean Operations

Source: United States Navy

The importance of the Arctic will only increase each year as the decline of the perennial sea ice continues and the ice edge shifts. It is imperative to strengthen the ability to operate there in order to gain a strategic advantage. Effective operations will hinge on reliable environmental intelligence in a region where conditions can be severe.

The U.S. most recently updated its strategy for the Arctic region last October with a new 10-year scope that seeks a peaceful, stable, prosperous and cooperative Arctic at the same time acknowledging strategic competition with Russia and China. Ongoing efforts include investing in technology that detects and tracks potential threats and improves our own capabilities to maneuver in the region. This is not a simple task due to the dominant role that Russia has in the Arctic, as well as the growing concern for China’s desire to be an influential nation there.

Arctic environment presents challenges for the Navy  

The Arctic Ocean is in many ways an uncharted domain for conducting military operations. It will be no easy feat to operate effectively because the Arctic is a hostile environment for modern vessels within ice-infested waters.

Currently, the U.S. has a limited icebreaking capability that is completely reliant on the U.S. Coast Guard, with the Coast Guard cutters Healy and Polar Star handling all pathfinding needed to ensure safe transit. This shortfall is driving the production of the next generation of Polar Security Cutters, a joint Navy and Coast Guard program to address the dire necessity for increased icebreaking operations in the near future. The first new Polar Security Cutter is expected to be delivered in 2025.

Along with an updated force, any future naval conflict will require leveraging technological advancements made in the past 80 years since the naval challenges of World War II, when the U.S. was last fully tested as a strategic force implementing older-era warfighting tactics. The  Arctic presents conditions and challenges far different from those encountered in earlier eras.

The future of warfighting will demand means beyond globally deployed strike groups and a prominent physical presence. Information warfare will be of greater importance as the challenges facing battlespace awareness, assured command and control and integrated fires are heightened in the austere environment of the Arctic.

Successful intelligence preparation of the operational environment, mastery of the electromagnetic spectrum and solid communications could very well be deciding factors for any conflicts in the high latitudes. Any future conflict will be settled in large part by how well information, including environmental intelligence, is gained, exploited and disseminated.

Technology that implements artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) methods could yield a warfighting advantage in predicting the physical battlespace. Current projects are underway across the fleet, many led by Office of Naval Research and Naval Research Laboratory, to address the need for advanced data assimilation to improve high-latitude environmental models for weather and conditions forecasting and predictions.

A variety of environmental data collected through in situ or remote means is necessary for these modeling efforts to be successful. The sea ice edge can vary by hundreds of miles overnight when faced with the dynamic meteorology present in the region.

Many analytical intelligence challenges can be partially to fully automated AI/ML, but even these innovative efforts require substantial data, among other resources, as a driving mechanism. It will be essential to fill the current environmental data gaps in the Arctic if the U.S. is to harness the technical advances made in computing and successfully exploit technologies such as more sophisticated models and innovative AI/ML projects. Some small but highly effective naval commands have started paving a path forward to meet these shortfalls.

How the U.S. National Ice Center plays a major role

The U.S. National Ice Center (USNIC) is a tri-agency organization of the Navy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Coast Guard with a mission to provide global to tactical scale ice and snow information, ice forecasting and related environmental intelligence services for the U.S. government.

Fewer than 50 uniformed, civilian and contract personnel comprise the USNIC on a daily basis with only a dozen of those individuals creating a variety of routine ice analyses for the Arctic, Antarctic, Great Lakes and other geostrategic locations where ice may form; a daily analysis of U.S. Northern Hemisphere snow and ice information to directly support assets and personnel in the field.

With such a small team, providing environmental intelligence to ensure safety of navigation in treacherous polar waters and economic prosperity within and along high latitude commercial routes and port regions is a vital task. Indeed, providing environmental intelligence in particular about sea ice proliferating in the Arctic Ocean is essential.

Several portions of the Arctic Ocean that have historically been covered with sea ice through at least parts of the winter will become increasingly ice-free in the coming years. This decrease in ice can result in shorter maritime trade routes, or completely new transpolar routes, becoming available, significantly decreasing maritime Arctic transit.

The Arctic is still largely unfamiliar in its delicate environmental complexities. The need for increased and enhanced observations continuously grows as the sea ice left behind year after year becomes more fragile, thin and diminishes in extent, losing an equivalent area the size of South Carolina annually.

Characterizing the ice in the region requires various input sources whether it be satellite-derived data, sensing platforms like high-tech buoys or occasionally deployed personnel feedback while onboard icebreaking operations in the region. The limited in situ observations help increase near-real time environmental knowledge in the Arctic, but at current numbers, they form an incomplete picture and are not enough for fully forecasting and safely operating within such a complex, harsh domain.

In the next installment, we discuss how USNIC is bolstering sensor and analysis abilities in the Arctic.

Defense News: SECNAV Delivers Remarks at the 25th Annual Expeditionary Warfare Conference

Source: United States Navy

Good morning!  Thank you Brigadier General O’Meara for the kind words of introduction, and thank you to the National Defense Industrial Association for providing me this opportunity to speak with you. 

For more than 100 years the NDIA and its predecessor organizations have worked tirelessly to provide forums for us—the stakeholders of national security—to come together and engage on how to tackle the toughest challenges facing our nation’s Joint Force.

This conference’s focus on expeditionary warfare is of particular importance to me as your Secretary of the Navy.  Maintaining our nation’s premier expeditionary force is a responsibility I take extremely seriously.

Our Naval Services have a long and storied history of conducting expeditionary operations, dating back to the 1776 raid of British military stockpiles at Nassau. 

Building upon this legacy, our Marines and Sailors fought in campaigns throughout the Pacific and European theaters during World War II. 

Time and time again they went back to the Indo-Pacific, defending democracies in Korea and Vietnam.

Our naval expeditionary forces played a crucial role in defeating Saddam Hussein in Iraq not once, but twice. 

They fought valiantly to give the people of Afghanistan a chance at self-determination.

It is for all these reasons that I chose to take my oath of office at the Iwo Jima Memorial, in honor of the brave Marines and Sailors who have served so proudly for so long.

Marines and Sailors continue to operate around the world today in remote and austere environments both at-sea and ashore. 

As we speak, our Naval forces are actively training beside our allies and partners to deter, and if necessary defeat aggression in multiple theaters.

Our warships maintain continuous patrol to ensure the freedom of navigation for uninterrupted maritime commerce.  And our Marines stand ready for the unknown, as the nation’s crisis response force, irrespective of time or place.

Our expeditionary campaigns are enshrined not only in our naval heritage, but in our world’s history as decisive moments that ensured the freedom of millions.

It is this very commitment to freedom by the United States and its citizens that inspired my parents, with me as an infant, to flee Castro’s Cuba and start anew in Hell’s Kitchen, New York.

It’s what inspired me to serve our country for 22 years in Naval service.

And after seventeen years of running a defense-focused small business with my spouse and partner Betty, it’s what inspired me to once again take the oath of office, in front of the Iwo Jima Memorial, down the road in Arlington.

The world is changing around us at a lightning pace.  Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and illegal annexation of part of its territory showed us a willingness to upend international norms and a disregard for human life through the targeting of civilians. 

Press reporting highlights Iran’s provisioning of one-way attack drones to Russian forces, supporting Moscow’s campaign of terror against Ukraine’s women and children. 

It is no surprise the regime in Tehran continues to spread its malign influence beyond its own borders as it tries to distract from challenges at home.

On the other side of the world, the People’s Republic of China continues to operate its maritime forces in a way that threatens free, uninterrupted economic activities in the South China Sea. 

From economic coercion to military confrontation, the PRC continues to pressure its neighbors as it seeks to dominate the region.

Russia, China, and Iran’s current regimes all are testing boundaries to see how much the international community will tolerate.

Our primary aim is to deter. And the most effective deterrent is the clear, unquestioning certainty on the part of potential adversaries that we, the United States of America, will prevail in any conflict. 

This is why we must always be ready to deploy a naval expeditionary force capable of meeting our defense obligations.   

Our Navy and Marine Corps have never been stronger.  We continue to deliver new systems and platforms that increase the Fleet’s lethality and mobility. 

We do this not just to preserve our advantages at sea, but because our National Defense Strategy demands it as part of a “lethal, resilient, sustainable, survivable, agile, and responsive force.” 

We work to realize the vision set forth in the NDS through integrated deterrence, campaigning, and building enduring advantages. 

And a well-trained, well-equipped naval expeditionary force is foundational to these lines of effort.

Our ability to project this power forward at a time and place of our choosing is supported through the three enduring priorities I set forth in my initial guidance to the Department when I took the helm in October of 2021.

Our first priority is maintaining maritime dominance in defense of our nation.  We do so through the combined strength and interoperability of our Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. 

We project power forward by operating in the same environments and domains as our adversaries, demonstrating our ability to sustain operations ranging from competition to conflict.

Maintaining an expeditionary force forward requires a tremendous sustainment effort to preserve warfighting readiness. 

We are able to do so through the strength of our partners in the industrial base, many of whom are in this room. 

They work tirelessly to get our ships back to sea, our aircraft back in the air, our vehicles running, and to keep our systems online. 

I’ve been on both sides of the defense ecosystem, and I am well aware of the challenges you face in competing for business as well as in training and retaining skilled labor. 

And I also know that you share our dedication to ensuring our Sailors and Marines have what they need to operate forward. 

Another key focus area supporting maritime dominance is innovation and modernization.

Force design—and by extension, Fleet design—drives our modernization plan as we look to provide current and future Sailors and Marines with the right mix of platforms, capabilities, and capacity to operate around the world. 

We look forward to accepting LHA 8, USS Bougainville and the future LHA 9, USS Fallujah, and the capacity they will bring to our “Gator Navy.” 

Beyond these two capital ships, the Light Amphibious Warship will play a key role in maritime expeditionary operations in a contested environment. 

As I look out in the crowd, I see many of our industry partners who are working hard to make sure these ships are delivered on-schedule and on-budget.

We are fortunate to enjoy a strong partnership with Congress, who makes it a priority to invest in the United States’ Fleet Marine Force. 

As part of the 2023 National Defense Authorization Act, we received funding for construction of a San Antonio-Class LPD, a critical platform for delivering an expeditionary force forward. 

Further, with the support of Congress our Marines continue to make advancements in maritime domain awareness, joint all-domain command and control, and long-range fires. 

I am grateful for the strong relationship our Department has with those on Capitol Hill, and I look forward to our continued collaboration as we work together to field a modern, well-funded Fleet.

The Department continues to support rapid innovation and experimentation as we look to adopt systems and technologies that help us maintain our advantage. 

From NavalX and the Office of Naval Research to the recently announced Naval Innovation Center at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, we are partnering with academia and industry to leverage their solutions and expertise as we integrate cutting edge technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning into the Fleet. 

TASK FORCE 59 in Bahrain continues to test the ability of manned and unmanned maritime platforms to work together in a contested environment, expanding and refining conceptual thought across the Department. 

We look forward to taking these experiences and demonstrating this capability in other regions of the world. 

Besides unmanned surface vessels, we are investing in highly capable unmanned aerial systems. 

These include the MQ-25 Stingray for air-to-air refueling and the MQ-9 and RQ-20 Puma for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance support to Marines operating in austere environments. 

Through these investments, we buy down risk for our manned aircrews while simultaneously adopting platforms that are force multipliers, capable of supporting distributed operations. 

Bringing these unmanned systems online is possible because the strength of our defense industrial base and their ability to research, develop, test, and field platforms capable of supporting our expeditionary forces wherever they may go.

As we think about how we ensure our maritime advantage, it is important to acknowledge our planet’s evolving climate. 

Nature always gets a vote in our operations, and as sea levels and temperatures change, we must consider the impacts our climate has not just on us and partners, but on the environments we desire to operate in.

My Department looks forward to collaborating with all of you to ensure we can sustain a forward maritime presence while also being responsible environmental stewards.

My second priority is to empower our people. 

Our Navy and Marine Corps are a diverse team, with individuals from all over our country and all walks of life.

And that’s exactly the way it should be.

It’s what we want and what we need, not just because in a democracy and as an all-volunteer force, we should be representative of the American people, but because we are stronger, we are more capable, when we have many different experiences and viewpoints to draw from.

Everything we do, everything we achieve, we do through teamwork; and teamwork is only possible when all members of a team are valued, when everyone feels that they have a voice and that their contributions matter.

This type of atmosphere, this environment is founded on trust.

Leaders at every level set the tone. 

Leaders, when your words and actions demonstrate respect to all, and openness to differences of opinions, that’s when new ideas can come to light. 

That’s when out-of-the-box thinking can flourish.

That’s when we fully utilize the asymmetric advantage we have over other nations’ militaries and societies, where freedom of thought and expression are repressed.

Never forget that our people are our greatest advantage, and that to build and sustain a combat-ready expeditionary force, we must take first and foremost care of our people and their families. 

And that starts with treating everyone with the respect and dignity they deserve.

Our third and final priority is enhancing strategic partnerships.  We cannot deliver an expeditionary force without the support of our allies and partners around the world. 

Through basing agreements, use of maintenance facilities, and allowing our units to resupply in their waters and on their land, our international partners allow us to sustain operations far from our shores.

More than that, together with our allies and partners, we are able to present a unified front against totalitarian regimes, against would-be foes, against those who would see the current world order overturned.

A world order that has allowed humanity to advance towards the greatest prosperity, economic exchange, improvements in health and living conditions, and technological advancements that our planet has ever seen.

This progress is not uniform, and it is not uni-directional—but it is real. And we cannot take for granted that it will continue without our deliberate and determined efforts.

The people in this room share a focus on maintaining naval supremacy, which it is without a doubt A, if not THE central piece of our national security strategy.

But it is important to remember we do not operate alone. 

Our Navy and Marine Corps are critical enablers for the Joint Force.  Our ships provide forward staging for Soldiers and Airmen. 

Our Marine Corps’ Stand-In Forces concept is not just about sustaining a naval campaign.  S.I.F. provides the Joint Force with domain awareness through persistent reconnaissance and counter-reconnaissance efforts and the ability to refit and re-arm while forward.

They are also ready to engage on behalf of the Joint Force if necessary. 

We must continue to develop strategies, concepts, and capabilities like these that enable us and our partners to achieve desired results.

I am determined that during my time in office, we will together build an even stronger, more ready, and more lethal Navy and Marine Corps team.

There is no other choice—we must prepare for the worst, in order to have the best chance of averting it.

We can only do this through a resilient industrial base, supported by investments and commitments from Congress and the Department of Defense to maintain production capacity and drive innovation that preserves our enduring advantage over our adversaries.

In that spirit, I ask you to think about which ideas presented today and tomorrow can be implemented as solutions to sustain a Navy and Marine Corps designed to deter conflict and, if necessary, deliver decisive victory in combat.

Thank you all. May God bless our Marines, Sailors, Coastguardsmen, and their families.

And now, I’ll take your questions.

Defense News: WEST 2023: Naval Oceanography Answers Future Challenges

Source: United States Navy

Rear Adm. Ron Piret, Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (Naval Oceanography) and subordinate commands participated and attended AFCEA-USNI WEST (WEST) 2023 conference, Feb. 14-16.
 
Considering global tensions, the premier naval conference and exposition—WEST—themed its 33rd iteration as: “Readiness, Capability and Capacity: How Do the Sea Services Match Up Against the Future Threat?”
 
Piret answered the theme’s call when he addressed the audience in the Information Warfare Pavilion speaker series where he shared Naval Oceanography’s mission and capacity with industry professionals, academia, and other military leaders.
 
“[W]e have been utilizing various new capabilities, from our unmanned systems technology to new modeling software to meet today’s challenges,” said Piret. “For tomorrow’s challenges, we are working with the government, academia, and industry on the next best thing.”
 
Naval Oceanography has used its advanced network of unmanned systems, operating daily throughout the planet for over two decades below the waves of every body of water on earth.
 
The 2500 sailors, scientists, engineers, and technical experts work in over 20 fields of science and engineering starting on the ocean floor to the farthest known star. Via billions of data sets gathered daily, Naval Oceanography gathers and stores vast amounts of historical and current data that pictures a full view of our Earth’s atmosphere in stunning detail.
 
“These models make up the next phase of the Battle on Demand, the forecast,” Piret said. “Observations and climatology used by numerical models run on our High-Performance Computing (HPC), to forecast the state of the ocean or the atmosphere into the future. Our complex suite of scientific numerical prediction systems provides short and long-term forecasts of the atmosphere, ocean, waves, ice, and surf, which is information assured at all classification levels.”
 
Naval Oceanography has a highly skilled workforce-family, of uniformed military and talented citizens, throughout the globe constantly gathering environmental data.
 
In addition to Piret’s attendance, Mr. Wade Ladner, Technical Director, Naval Oceanographic Office, Captain Christi Montgomery, commanding officer, Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, Captain Kate Hermsdorfer, commanding officer, Fleet Weather Center – San Diego, Commander Jim Scianna, commanding officer, Strike Group Oceanography Team – San Diego, and Commander Mark Hebert, commanding officer Naval Oceanography Special Warfare Center, all participated in manning the Naval Oceanography booth, attended various events and spoke to members of the press for one on one and group interviews.
 
Each command provided sailors and civilians to man the booth at the convention to speak to the various unmanned underwater systems (REMUS 600, 100, MK18), and Ice Buoy (Spotter), and provide the overall mission and capabilities of Naval Oceanography.
 
One recurring highlight of WEST is the chance to hear from the Secretary of the Navy, Sea Service Chiefs – the Chief of Naval Operations, the Marine Corps Commandant and the Coast Guard Commandant, and many past and present military and industry leaders.
 
In addition to the main program, WEST offered three Engagement Theaters: Marine, General, and Information Warfare. These smaller, more intimate venues allowed military, government, and industry professionals to drill deeper into specific topics and issues.
 
WEST is now in its 33rd year of bringing military and industry leaders together. Co-sponsored by AFCEA International and the U.S. Naval Institute, WEST is an event in which the makers of platforms and the designers of technologies can network, discuss and demonstrate their solutions in a single locale.
    
Naval Oceanography has approximately 2,500 globally distributed military and civilian personnel, who collect, process, and exploit environmental information to assist Fleet and Joint Commanders in all warfare areas to guarantee the U.S. Navy’s freedom of action in the physical battlespace from the depths of the ocean to the stars.
 

Eight Defendants Indicted in Michigan for Obstructing a Reproductive Health Services Facility

Source: United States Department of Justice News

The Justice Department announced today an indictment charging eight people with federal civil rights offenses and violations of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act.

According to court documents, Calvin Zastrow, Chester Gallagher, Heather Idoni, Caroline Davis, Joel Curry, Justin Phillips, Eva Edl and Eva Zastrow are charged with engaging in a civil rights conspiracy and with violating the FACE Act in connection with an August 2020 blockade of a reproductive health care clinic in Sterling Heights, Michigan. In addition, Idoni and Edl were also charged with violating the FACE Act in connection with an April 2021 blockade of a reproductive health care clinic in Saginaw, Michigan. 

The indictment returned by a federal grand jury alleges that on Aug. 27, 2020, all eight defendants engaged in a conspiracy to prevent the Sterling Heights clinic from providing, and patients there from receiving, reproductive health services. According to the indictment, Gallagher advertised the Sterling Heights clinic blockade on social media, and he and Curry livestreamed the incident. The defendants convened at a location near the Sterling Heights clinic, where an uncharged co-conspirator who recorded the incident announced that the defendants were “going over to stand in front of the door” and “interpose.”

The indictment also alleges that all eight defendants violated the FACE Act by using physical obstruction to intimidate and interfere with the Sterling Heights clinic’s employees and patients, because the clinic’s employees were providing, and the patients were seeking, reproductive health services.

The indictment further alleges that on April 16, 2021, Idoni and Edl again used physical obstruction to intimidate and interfere with patients and employees of the Saginaw clinic because the clinic’s employees were providing, and patients were seeking, reproductive health services.  

Assistant Attorney General Kristen Clarke of the Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division, U.S. Attorney Dawn N. Ison for the Eastern District of Michigan, Assistant Director Luis Queseda of the FBI’s Criminal Investigative Division and Special Agent in Charge Timothy Waters of the FBI Detroit Field Office made the announcement.

The FBI Detroit Field Office and Bay City Resident Agency investigated the case.

The Civil Rights Division and the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Michigan are prosecuting the case.

Anyone who has information about incidents of violence, threats and obstruction that target a patient or provider of reproductive health services or damage and destruction of reproductive health care facilities, should report that information to the FBI at www.tips.fbi.gov. For more information about clinic violence, and the Department of Justice’s efforts to enforce FACE Act violations, please visit www.justice.gov/crt/national-task-force-violence-against-reproductive-health-care-providers.

An indictment is merely an allegation. All defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.