Defense News: CNO Delivers Remarks at Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale Awards Ceremony

Source: United States Navy

Good morning, everyone!

It’s great to see everybody here. What an amazing day, and what an amazing opportunity this is. So thank you so much for making the time, braving the visitor entrance office through the Pentagon to be here this morning. But, really, it is an incredible moment, and I really appreciate you being here to help us recognize and celebrate the achievements of two incredible leaders and amazing officers.

This is truly one of the greatest perks of my job – to reward those who have given the full range of their physical, their mental, their emotional capacities to their crew, to their the mission, and to our Navy.

As Senior Chief said, it is fitting that we give this award here in the Hall of Heroes, where the names of more than 3,110 recipients of the Medal of Honor, which is our nation’s highest award, are inscribed on the walls around us. Each one of these Sailors, soldiers, airmen, and Marines … from across the rich fabric of America – and spanning every chapter of American history since the Civil War – they all displayed gallantry in action, extraordinary heroism, leadership, and unwavering devotion to their nation … all above and beyond the call of duty.

And among the names on the wall – to my left… and on the corner – is the name of Adm. James Bond Stockdale, a fighter pilot who was shot down and captured a month after the Gulf of Tonkin incident … and who endured seven and a half years of captivity at the Hỏa Lò Prisoner of War camp in North Vietnam. 

As the camp’s senior officer, Stockdale established a code of conduct amongst the fellow P.O.W.s and led what would become a covert resistance movement to delay, disrupt, and deny the North Vietnamese plans. And he did this often at the risk of his own life.  

His inspirational leadership and commitment to his country imbued his fellow P.O.W.s with the strength, the courage, the connection, and the resilience to withstand the trials of their imprisonment and continue their resistance.

Earlier this year I had a chance to meet Capt. Plummer and Adm. Shoemaker – two times this year – our amazing Navy band did a tribute to Vietnam veterans this year, and the 50th anniversary of our last combat veterans being in Vietnam. And both of them highlighted how much of what Adm. Stockdale did meant to them, meant to their connection, and their ability to withstand all of the horrors and the torture they were undergoing every day. And so it really brings home why we do this award, and how important it is that you’re recognized by your peers. Because he was their peer – he was a leader of peers – and, again, it is really significant that we’re having this in this 50th anniversary.

For his indomitable spirit, for his conspicuous gallantry, and for his extraordinary courage, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.

In keeping with his example, each year – since 1980 – we present the Stockdale Leadership award, which is a peer-driven award, “for personal and professional excellence in leadership” – to two commissioned officers, as you see here today, … one representing the Atlantic Fleet and one representing the Pacific Fleet … for the highest standards of excellence.

So, again, I’m super happy to be able to deliver these awards today. And I think it’s really more meaningful, when you think about it, this is 50th anniversary of when the last U.S. combat troops left Vietnam.

What makes this award so unique – we have a lot of awards in the Navy – but this is the only one we have where unrestricted line officers who are eligible for the award themselves can nominate their peers for consideration. They are asked to nominate their teammates, their colleagues who inspire them the most professionally and personally.

So it is the absolute honor today to award 2023 Vice Admiral James Stockdale Award to two submariners: Captain Jeff Fassbender and Commander David Burke.

So I’ll start with Cmdr. Burke. Dave is our winner from Atlantic Fleet. He is joined today by his wife, Jenny. And their children, Oliver and Charlotte, are home in St. Johns, Florida, with their grandparents.

Dave was the Commanding Officer of USS Rhode Island (Gold) from May 2021 to August 2023.

Under his leadership, the Rhode Island was busy, and it won the 2022 Battle Effectiveness Award – an award that recognizes select crews for their overall readiness to execute a combat mission. They also won the USSTRATCOM 2022 Omaha Trophy as the best of 14 Ballistic Missile Submarines, and ranked at the very top of our People Centered Metrics – it’s a Navy assessment that measures how well leaders care for their people.

He led his team on Rhode Island through three strategic deterrence patrols and through an alert period when Russia invaded Ukraine. And it was an interesting story to learn how he actually found out about that – when you’re on a submarine, on patrol. It even makes you think harder about what it takes to lead in that type of environment. You did this all by enforcing high standards, by trusting and teaching your team, by staying humble, and by always remaining committed to warfighting excellence.

Dave, it’s my understand that, at your core, you are a teacher and mentor. You made each Sailor feel like an integral part of the team, that their training and their contributions to the mission made a difference. One junior officer said the best part of deployment was the Sunday night JO professional development session that Dave reserved on the schedule. You spent most nights teaching them tactics and providing career advice … but sometimes you would “mentor” them in cribbage … giving them some first-hand instruction on how to win … every time. And I’m sure you won… every time.

Dave’s love for teaching did not stop at the wardroom, it extended to the deck plates.  He and I share the same command philosophy of walking around and talking to the crew every day. Dave would often be found roaming the boat, observing his Sailors standing the watch, providing them direction if there was any ambiguity, and empowering them to achieve higher level qualifications, and really being open and transparent, talking about what he knew, what was going on, and really being their connection to the outside world.

Dave, I know you’re also a steward – you take care of your men and women. According to your chief of the boat, Master Chief Mark Rosario – who I had the pleasure to serve with once upon a time as well, your kindness and humility and care for your Sailors created an environment of trust.  You knew that teams function best when they respect each other.  So onboard Rhode Island, it was natural for you to lead the successful integration of female officers into the crew, to include the first Direct to Department Head female submarine officer.

Dave understands the importance of building exceptional teams because he is a warfighter … first and foremost. Dave knows the tactics, the procedures, and had the warfighting focus to ensure his boat was always ready and always lethal. And he wanted his crew to have the same focus he had. Because of that, the crew understood really their “why” and embraced their underlying mission … strategic deterrence. It’s a mission that is one of the most important ones we have as a Navy. Their hard work and commitment to excellence paid off. Let me give you just two examples.

First, Rhode Island was able to successfully and safely complete two Strait of Gibraltar transits with only one operational Inertial Navigation System (INS). So I think that must be like operating with one hand behind your back, with just one eye – just trying to translate that to someone who never had to serve with an INS. This is an abnormal condition, to be clear, because it’s really dangerous in the Strait of Gibraltar. We’ve had a lot of challenges in the Strait of Gibraltar – and not just on submarines – but also on surface ships, so a lot of danger of navigating under water without a backup system.  With Dave’s oversight, the crew conceptualized and demonstrated a new operating procedure to execute that transit with only that one operable system. It’s an absolutely impressive feat that required creative problem-solving. His operating procedure that they developed is now taught to all submariners … thanks entirely to Dave’s leadership and the spirit and ingenuity of your crew.

Second, when a weather system threatened to delay your boat’s deployment, Dave sortied Rhode Island from King’s Bay, Georgia – which is the boat’s homeport – almost a week earlier than scheduled.  With less than a day’s notice, only one tug, 40+ knot winds over the bow, and a 7- degree crab angle – the difference between your heading and track – Dave safely guided his boat through the very much meandering St. Mary’s River.  At the time, the pilot said the transit was nearly impossible given such bad weather conditions. But, again, Rhode Island crew’s executed the transit flawlessly … knowing well that they had a master ship-handler in you.  

Admiral Stockdale wrote about the importance of leaders giving those around them, and I quote, “a sense of perspective … and setting the moral, social, and particularly the motivational climate among his followers.”

That’s exactly what Dave did with his team. Congratulations Dave. You are most deserving of this award.

Now, I would like to recognize our winner from the Pacific Fleet … Captain Jeff Fassbender. He is joined by his wife Julie.  His daughter Noelle is visiting with her grandmother for a few days.

Jeff was the commanding officer of USS Seawolf from May 2021 to May 2023. Under his leadership, Seawolf won three straight Battle Effectiveness Awards, the 2020 Arleigh Burke Fleet Trophy for outstanding improvement in the battle effectiveness competition from the previous year, and also the 2021 Marjorie Sterrett Battleship Fund Award, which is given for the best scores in the battle efficiency competition in the Pacific Fleet. Additionally, Seawolf had the highest OPTEMPO – the highest operational tempo – more underway time – than any other submarine in the fleet. He executed a 2021 surge deployment, a 2022 deployment to the Indo-Pacific region, and prepared Seawolf for its 2023 deployment.  

His Commodore, Captain Gary Montalvo, attributed Seawolf’s success to the boat’s culture, which he said “Jeff built from the ground-up.”  He said the crew internalized Jeff’s command philosophy of “We are Warfighters … We are what make Seawolf great … and We earn our dolphins every day.”

Throughout his command tour, Jeff looked at everything through a warfighting lens.  For example, he always tested the tactical and operational limits of Seawolf. During Jeff’s first week at sea, the crew executed more torpedo evasions and emergency dives than they had on their entire previous deployment.

Jeff frequently quoted John Paul Jones … “give me a fast ship for I intend to sail into harm’s way,” … and this was embraced by the crew every day.

For Jeff, the adjective “fast” did not necessarily mean speed, although that was important. It meant the boat was well-maintained, lethal, and tactically proficient in all of its various mission sets.

But, his passion for tactics and winning didn’t stop in submarine warfare. When he wasn’t on the bridge or in combat, Jeff also enjoyed playing cribbage with his officers and sailors. Some called him “ruthless” … others said he would deliberately miscount his opponent’s points. And, on bad days, his chief of the boat, Master Chief Christopher Purdum, who is here today, would let Jeff win to boost his morale.

All kidding aside, Jeff is humble, compassionate, and selfless. When describing Jeff, each of his Sailors – regardless of rank – stated that he is the embodiment of a servant-leader, prioritizing his Sailors above all else. He invested in his people, empowered those around him, permitting junior Sailors to achieve higher level qualifications, and he pushed ownership of the boat to the deckplates. He allowed the crew to make mistakes and learn from them.

Jeff’s focus on teaching and mentoring his sailors paid big dividends.  When Jeff assumed command, Seawolf was #35 on the SSN list for People Centered Metrics, again, the thing that ranks how well we take care of our people. When he left, it was #2.  But, if you were to ask Jeff, he would say he had nothing to do with the boat’s successes … that it was his Sailors who did all the heavy lifting.

He got the crew’s buy-in early on … another of my own command leadership principles I stress to prospective commanding officers. And he, again, was able to ensure every member of the crew could connect their dot to the mission. He knew the Seawolf team would give 100% if he explained the situation, explained the decision, and explained the rationale – even if it was bad news or it meant more work. And, because of this, the Seawolf crew always wanted to do the really hard stuff. They wanted to deploy, they wanted stay out on station, and they wanted to operate forward to protect the nation’s national security interests.

When Jeff learned of Seawolf’s extension in early 2021, after months of underway time in the Indo-Pacific, he immediately notified his Seawolf team, he explained that their potential extension would be indefinite, and allowed them the night to reflect on the news before carrying on with their new orders. He understood well the human impact of such an announcement, knowing that his Sailors had already been separated from their families for some time and really needed a rest.

Admiral Stockdale wrote, “leadership takes compassion … it requires knowledge and character and heart to boost others up and show them the way.”  Jeff demonstrated this leadership principle, and the next day … and every day after … the crew was ready to take the fight to the enemy and win.  They lived up to the command motto: “Beware the wolf.”

Jeff, you did all that. Commander Baugh of USS Connecticut, a fellow Seawolf-class commanding officer, stated that you set the standard for the saying “wear command well.”

Jeff, congratulations. You are most deserving of this award.

I also know, Jeff and Dave, that you couldn’t do all that you did without the love, support, and encouragement of your spouses … Julie and Jenny.

The story of Adm. Stockdale is also the story of Sybil Stockdale, his wife, and all she did stateside, and in Congress, at town halls, and at home during this really difficult period for her personally, and for the families of everyone who was in a similar situation. While Adm. Stockdale was held prisoner, Sybil remained absolutely loyal to her husband and remained very strong for their two children. She founded the National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in South East Asia … advocating for the release of not only Adm. Stockdale, but for all prisoners of war. She educated the American public on the mistreatment of all P.O.W.s in North Vietnam. And, she helped change American policies concerning P.O.W. families.

For all that she did, Sybil Stockdale received the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award. And, additionally, the Navy’s ombudsman of the year award is named in her honor.

Julie and Jenny, I know how hard it is to be a military family. I know it is very difficult to be a military spouse. I’ve said it many, many times that our Navy readiness is dependent on our family readiness, and our families are the glue that holds are Navy together. We are grateful for everything that you do, and I know it’s much harder to be the parent that stays home than the one who gets to go out and do what it is that we get to do every day, and I really want to sincerely thank you for all that you do every day to support your sailor, but really to support our Navy families, and every command that you have served in.

Together, Admiral James and Sybil Stockdale wrote a book titled “In Love and War: the Story of a Family’s Ordeal and Sacrifice during the Vietnam War” … a book that details the odyssey of love, sacrifice, and turmoil they went through during those harrowing seven and a half years. The Stockdales left the Navy with a combined legacy of love to their country, their shipmates and friends, and to each other.

Today, we will present a copy of this book to each of our families here today to acknowledge that this award represents a team effort.

In closing, let me again acknowledge all the families and all of the support networks, friends, shipmates, and peers here today – and those who couldn’t be here today but are here in spirit – to support of Dave and Jeff. Thank you for all that you do. I know you all share that same commitment that I do to our Constitution, to our nation, and to our Navy, and to the mission that we get to do – that we have a privilege to do – every day. We all could not do our job if we weren’t part of a great team, and I appreciate you, your support to this team here, and all that you do for our Navy and for our nation.

With the decisive decade that we’re living in today, and an ever changing strategic landscape, I am confident that our Navy will remain the world’s preeminent warfighting force because of warfighters like those that we have in this room with us today.

Adm. Stockdale said “our changing times demand the kind of person who can lead in troubled times.” Each of your crews said that they would have no other CO in wartime than each of you, and that if they had to go to war tomorrow, each of you would be their first choice.

Jeff and Dave, both of you are natural leaders “to whom others have instinctively turned to in times of crisis.” Both of you are hardened by years of adversity in command.  And, both of you are the transformational leaders we need … according to Adm. Stockdale … “who can implant high-minded needs in place of self-interested wants in the heart of their people.”

Adm. Stockdale set the standard for professional and personal excellence and leadership. Both of you have lived up to that standard and upheld our Navy core values of honor, courage, and commitment … and in doing so, you have inspired me, and our next generation of leaders.

So, again, thank you for what you do, and congratulations!

Defense News: PWD Bahrain Participates in NSA Bahrain, NAVSEA Oil Spill Exercise

Source: United States Navy

The drill was held in partnership with Naval Sea System Command’s Supervisor of Salvage and Diving (SUPSALV) and several host-nation agencies. The drill tested the U.S. Navy and host nation entities capabilities to respond effectively to oil spills and other hazardous material incidents.

This annual exercise coincides with annual maintenance of SUPSALV equipment for rapid response to pier-side oil spills and deployment to the open seas to demonstrate readiness in deploying their Tiered Preparedness and Response capability.

“By participating in spill equipment deployment exercises, we are able to maintain technical proficiency while maintaining our longstanding partnership with environmental protection organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain,” Philip Hammond, deputy public works officer, PWD Bahrain, said. “We have the opportunity to coordinate and interactively exchange information with our host nation partners. This collaboration ensures we are prepared to respond effectively to oil spills and other hazardous material incidents.”

The SUPSALV team simulated various aspects of the fuel-spill response, from containment, cleanup, and environmental monitoring to the promotion of health and safety measures to maximize PWD’s preparedness to respond in a meaningful and effective way in the event of a real-world fuel-spill incident.

“By actively deploying spill equipment we are able to maintain technical proficiency while maintaining our longstanding partnership with environmental protection organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain,” Sean Suk, environmental director, PWD Bahrain, said. “In addition to protecting the coastlines to the best interests of our host nation, the exchange of information, technology, and training is a key to an effective response in case of an actual incident.”

PWD Bahrain demonstrated its commitment to environmental stewardship. It strengthened cooperation and communication between all organizations that could assess readiness and enhance their collective ability to mitigate environmental damage and protect public health.

“This exercise demonstrates our commitment to environmental stewardship and helps to foster cooperation and communication between the U.S. Navy and host nation partners such as ourselves,” Capt. Aref Al Awadhi, senior oil spill response officer, MEMAC, said. “It is a routine but important exercise that helps to ensure that we are all prepared to respond effectively to oil spills and other hazardous material incidents.”

The equipment deployment schedule was structured to comply with the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA-90) National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (NPREP). While a voluntary program developed for spill responders, completing the exercise satisfies federal oil pollution response exercise requirements mandated by OPA-90.

“Mastering response procedures from a manual is a solid start, but it’s the real-time application of these procedures in a live setting that truly enhances our team’s capabilities,” Capt. Zachariah Aperauch, commanding officer, NSA Bahrain, said. “I am incredibly proud of our team’s coordination and execution of this oil spill response exercise, which was demonstrated before representatives from the Kingdom of Bahrain. This exercise is a testament to our enduring partnership and dedication to our host nation.”

About Naval Facilities Engineering Command Europe Africa Central
NAVFAC EURAFCENT manages facility project planning and design, including all related acquisition, construction, leasing, environmental, maintenance, and contingency support required by the Navy and Department of Defense commands where the Navy is designated as the lead agent in Europe, Southwest Asia, and the Gulf of Guinea, Africa, and the Horn of Africa. Subordinate Public Works Departments in Bahrain; Devesulu, Romania; Djibouti; Naples, Italy; Redzikowo, Poland; Rota, Spain; Sigonella, Italy; Souda Bay, Greece, provide facilities support service to each installation throughout the area of responsibility, and employs approximately 1,200 military, government civilians, local nationals and contractors.

For more information, contact NAVFAC EURAFCENT public affairs at +39 366.695.8800 or NAVFAC-EAC-PAO@us.navy.mil.

Defense News: Future USS Thad Cochran Marks Start of Fabrication

Source: United States Navy

The ship is named for the late Thad Cochran, a United States senator who represented Mississippi from 1978 to 2018 and served as chairman of the United States Senate Appropriations Committee.

DDG 135 will be a Flight III guided missile destroyer centered on the AN/SPY-6(V)1 Air and Missile Defense Radar and will provide greatly enhanced warfighting capability to the fleet. The Flight III baseline begins with DDGs 125-126 and continues with DDG 128 and follow-on ships.

“The future USS Thad Cochran’s start of fabrication is the first major milestone in the construction of the ship. Flight III guided missile destroyers will deliver unparalleled warfighting capabilities to the Fleet, bringing nearly 10,000 tons of American maritime strength across the world’s oceans and seas,” said Capt. Seth Miller, DDG 51 program manager, Program Executive Office Ships.

Ingalls Shipbuilding division is also in production on future destroyers Ted Stevens (DDG 128), Jeremiah Denton (DDG 129), George M. Neal (DDG 131), and Sam Nunn (DDG 133).

As one of the Defense Department’s largest acquisition organizations, PEO Ships is responsible for executing the development and procurement of all destroyers, amphibious ships, special mission and support ships, boats and craft. 

Defense News: Keel Authenticated for Future Billy Frank Jr.

Source: United States Navy

A keel laying ceremony recognizes the start of a ship’s construction through the union of a ship’s modular components and the welding, or “authentication,” of an honoree’s initials into a ceremonial keel plate that becomes part of the ship. On hand to authenticate the keel was ship sponsor Pegan Frank, spouse to Nisqually Tribal Council Chairman William Frank III, son of the late Billy Frank Jr.

Billy Frank Jr. was a Nisqually tribal member and an iconic Native American environmental leader and treaty rights activist. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps during the Korean War, Frank chaired the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission for over 30 years, receiving the Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism and the Martin Luther King, Jr. Distinguished Service Award. President Obama posthumously awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015.

“The future Billy Frank Jr.’s keel laying marks the beginning of the construction journey for this ship,” said John Lighthammer, program manager, Auxiliary and Special Mission Shipbuilding Program Office. “It is an honor to be joined by members of the Nisqually Tribe and we look forward to the partnership as we highlight their heritage.”

The Navajo class is a multi-mission, common hull platform that will deploy to support a range of missions such as towing, rescue, salvage, humanitarian assistance, oil spill response and wide-area search and surveillance. The vessels will replace the existing Powhatan-class T-ATF fleet ocean tugs and Safeguard-class T-ARS rescue and salvage ships in service with the U.S. Military Sealift Command.

Austal USA is also in production of future USNS Solomon Atkinson (T-ATS 12) with an additional three more T-ATS- ships under contract.

As one of the Defense Department’s largest acquisition organizations, PEO Ships is responsible for executing the development and procurement of all destroyers, amphibious ships, special mission and support ships, and boats and craft.

Defense News: NPS Consortium Advances Innovative Naval Applications of Additive Manufacturing

Source: United States Navy

The Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing Research and Education (CAMRE) is leveraging NPS’ strong AM foundation and innovation ecosystem, bringing together the right expertise in AM technologies and capabilities with students and seasoned faculty to deliver emerging technologies and capabilities to the warfighter.

From at-sea and in-flight demonstrations aboard U.S. Navy and Marine Corps platforms, to the coordination and facilitation of testing on U.S. Coast Guard vessels in remote areas of the world, CAMRE and its partners are showcasing the potential of additive manufacturing for expeditionary logistics.

For example, in the summer of 2023, the Marine Corps made headlines with the first in-flight 3D printing of a medical cast aboard an MV-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft during a training exercise in Southern California. NPS and CAMRE worked with partners at the Marine Innovation Unit (MIU) on the demonstration, which highlighted a key component of the Marine Corps’ Force Design 2030.

“We are just scratching the surface on the capabilities that will come from being able to 3D print in flight,” said U.S. Marine Corps Lt. Col. Michael Radigan, liaison to NPS from the MIU. “Dozens of printers being installed in a modular fashion aboard aircraft brings the ability for mobile production at a scale we have not experienced before.”

Additive manufacturing – or 3D printing, as it’s more commonly known – is the computer-controlled process of creating three-dimensional objects by “printing” material, layer upon layer, to build up an item with the finest of detail. Whether creating a child’s toy or a sophisticated machine part, it is economical and efficient, employing a minimum of resources with a minimum of labor and time.

AM technology is starting to impact industrial production as the world shifts from analog to digital technology. Across the Department of Defense (DOD), 3D printing is recognized as a powerful and versatile tool providing technical advantages across a range of defense applications.

In January 2021, the Department of Defense published its first-ever Additive Manufacturing Strategy to “provide a shared set of guiding principles and a framework for AM technology development and transition to support modernization and Warfighter readiness” across the military.

NPS has a history of early AM technology adoption, starting in 2009 with the installation of a Stratasys 3D printer on campus, and in recent years has explored AM technologies, such as wire-fed AM, liquid metal jetting, and laser powder bed fusion metal AM – a capability which is of interest to the Navy. Additionally, since 2019 the NPS Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) Department has offered a dedicated graduate-level AM course which has already educated more than 100 officers who will serve in the fleet.

“This kind of technology is really critical to maintain the superiority of the Navy, and we aim to have our students ready for the challenges ahead,” said NPS Associate Professor Dr. I. Emre Gunduz, the technical lead for CAMRE who has more than 20 years of AM experience. “Their education and training here is crucial, so they can use AM effectively.”

Now in its second year, CAMRE represents a unified effort at NPS dedicated to the enhancement of AM education for defense applications and integration of AM technologies across the Navy, Marine Corps and joint force. CAMRE proliferates new capabilities, delivering hands-on education and developing talent and technologies through applied research with operational forces.

CAMRE is truly interdisciplinary in nature, reaching across eight different departments and fields as diverse as mechanical and materials engineering, computer science, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence and defense management.

“CAMRE was congressionally directed as part of an effort to accelerate AM adoption across the tri-service maritime forces – the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps,” explained CAMRE program manager Chris Curran.

According to Curran, success in this mission is accomplished not only by “building on the Z” – referring to the mechanics of 3D printing along all three axes, X, Y and Z – but through education, material sciences advancement, adoption and operational impacts of AM technologies.

“NPS allows us to be very impactful in this and not just build on the Z,” Curran said. “Our goal is to make sure that every Sailor and Marine who is going to use AM is exposed to it. How are we educating them to understand the baseline? How are we integrating augmented and virtual reality technology? How are we using satellite communications to have open discussions with engineers for reach-back support? How do we ensure there’s no counterfeit injected into the system that allows for flaws to be built in by our adversaries? How do we shorten the supply chain? How do we have manufacturing at the point of need? These are the kinds of questions we’re asking [at CAMRE].”

During the first year of its initial funding, CAMRE looked at how NPS could further optimize student exposure to AM technology through new systems at the NPS campus and collaborated with the Naval Systems Engineering Directorate (NAVSEA 05) to accelerate adoption of AM at sea. NAVSEA 05, which is leading the charge for afloat AM, funded the installation of a Philips hybrid 3D printer aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan (LHD 5).

In July 2022, CAMRE partnered with Commander, Naval Surface Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet (COMNAVSURFPAC) to install a liquid metal printer on the amphibious assault ship USS Essex (LHD 2) during the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) exercise. This was the first time researchers and Sailors were able to test and evaluate a metal printer onboard a ship. Since then, the liquid metal printer has been installed aboard the amphibious transport dock USS San Diego (LPD 22) in preparation for further at-sea testing and evaluation.

What’s more, the technology used by Marines to conduct 3D printing aboard the Osprey in 2023 was also employed in additional tests facilitated by CAMRE, though in two vastly different environments – the Arctic Circle and the South Pacific.

The Advanced Manufacturing Operational System (AMOS), developed at Naval Information Warfare Center (NIWC) Pacific in San Diego, was placed aboard the Coast Guard icebreaker USCGC Healy (WAGB 20) during the vessel’s transit through the Arctic in the summer of 2023.

At the same time, Marines from Combat Logistics Battalion 11, I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF), used AMOS to manufacture a shaped explosive charge, allowing them to destroy a World War II-era 500-pound bomb threatening the state legislature building in Pohnpei, Micronesia.

According to Gunduz, the research afforded by these machines continues to be a boon – from fundamental research, ranging from AM of high-performance aerospace aluminum alloys like Al 7075 that are hard to manufacture and application of these materials, to low-density multifunctional metallic structures for autonomous vehicles and energetics.

U.S. Navy Lt. Zachary Vrtis, a Ph.D. candidate at NPS, is doing his research under Gunduz’s supervision. In addition to research in support of his dissertation, titled “Aluminum Alloy Fabrication Methods Using Liquid Metal Printing,” Vrtis is also looking for ways to accelerate adoption of metal AM by the fleet for ship and submarine repair.

“As an Engineering Duty Officer with a background in submarine operations and repair, I am very passionate about improving the throughput of the Navy’s shipyards in order to increase the operational availability of our fleet,” said Vrtis. “The goal of my research is to successfully print aluminum alloy 7075 components with the same material properties as ones produced via traditional methods. From there, the sky is the limit, and I look forward to exploring ways to further improve the strength to weight ratio of components fabricated with Al 7075.”

After NPS, Vrtis will receive orders to a Navy shipyard, and he is looking forward to continuing his collaboration with Gunduz and the CAMRE team.

“In addition to my research, I am working with CAMRE and the naval shipyards and repair activities to look for opportunities in upcoming exercises and repairs to prove the value of metal AM,” Vrtis added. “Right now, the Navy is fighting an increasing backlog of maintenance in our shipyards, and I hope to reduce that by finding more and more uses for metal AM.”

Another notable application is modeling and investigating the elemental physics of hypersonics, according to Garth Hobson, CAMRE director and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE) professor.

Drawing extensively on the liquid metal printer and a small powder bed metal printer, NPS engineers are able to fabricate a wide variety of components out of different metals, including aluminum and titanium, predict their performance using computational fluid dynamics, and see how they perform under hypersonic conditions.

“We’re using the liquid metal printer to print – you name it: brackets, rake probes,” Hobson said.

For example, U.S. Navy Ensign G. Forrest Dawe, an NPS Aerospace Engineering student, created a device with the liquid metal printer to measure internal conditions to further streamline a newly upgraded wind tunnel.

The recently graduated Dawe attended NPS as a Shoemaker Scholar, putting him on a fast track to earn his master’s degree in just one year after his undergraduate degree at Boston University and before attending Navy flight training in Pensacola, Fla. According to Dawe, his research measured velocity and pressure along the wind tunnel to characterize airflow.

In addition to the research already underway, CAMRE is looking to expand its facilities in the NPS lab annex area, utilizing Building 230 to house additional 3D printers.

Another area of focus as the organization enters its second year is the expeditionary aspect of AM, especially cold spray printing. Cold spray technology blasts a supersonic gas stream heated up to a temperature of 800 to 900 degrees Celsius to “print” dense durable parts of metals, polymers, and composite materials. The kinetic energy of the powders is enough to pancake and bond them together without having to melt the material, hence the “cold” spray.

“We made a strategic decision and purchased an expeditionary cold spray printer,” Curran said. “Strategic subs, Naval Aviation, the Marine Corps and NAVSEA are all interested in cold spray and expeditionary, so buying that one machine means we can still make parts and do research, but we’re not limited to a large machine which stays in one room. It can travel.”

Additionally, the collective interest will yield second-order research funding; as a result, what was programmatically a three-year plus-up now has a seven- or eight-year horizon, with room to grow.

“We’re being very deliberate because CAMRE’s not a program of record,” Curran added. “However, adoption of AM is not a problem that will solve itself in three years. You won’t get full adoption, let alone how you train, educate, track and certify Sailors, Marines and Coast Guardsmen.”

Amela Sadagic, CAMRE co-director and an NPS computer science research associate professor, holds a user-centric approach to AM adoption. She works with her students, whom she credits as having the role of change agents, to develop augmented and virtual reality applications for AM technology and cultivate innovation.

“AM is likely the only technology where domain users – Sailors, Soldiers and Marines – are empowered by the tools that this technology provides to innovate and provide ideas for parts and tools that never existed,” Sadagic said. “So really the only individuals who have knowledge about conditions in their work environments, and what works, what doesn’t work and what breaks, are the domain users.”

“No scientist and no company is privy to that type of information,” she added.

Sadagic cites the time a Sailor had to bring four different tools up a ladder to maintain a system. He knew that chances were at least one of the tools dropping, so the Sailor came up with the idea of forging one single tool that integrated all four functions.

“To me, that was ingenious,” she said. “Sometimes when you approach individuals who are educated, they have a way of seeing advances and benefits in a way that things get enabled faster.”

That, Sadagic continued, is CAMRE’s goal: to touch as many Sailors and Marines as possible so that down the road, the way is paved for the adoption of AM technology.

“We are growing an army of people who will be informed and able to support innovation in AM,” Sadagic said.